Jökulsárgljufur National Park, Ásbyrgi, and Húsavik

21 June

Selfoss - the wide falls upstream from Dettifoss (and Hafragilsfoss).

Writing 2010.21.1730 Hotel Reynihild, Reykjahliö/Lake Mývatn, Iceland

The next morning we piled into the bus to head to Jökulsárgljufur National Park. Kristín warned us about the condition of the gravel road that had just opened two weeks earlier after being closed for the winter – in that sense the road certainly lived up to expections. Rough and wash-boarded in places, it was a bumpy ride, although Hulda’s expert steering helped greatly. We pulled off the road into a parking lot, and the mist rising from the canyon announced the location of the falls that were hidden from view. The midges were present, but the insect netting over my hat did the trick and kept the little buggers out of my face and ears. We then descended the rocky trail to the falls, Dettifoss, the largest in Europe.

Local signage:
Welcome to Jökulsárgljúfur. Jökulsárglijúfur is the largest and most spectacular canyon in Iceland. It is approximately 25 km long and about 1/2 km wide and its depth comes close to or exceeds 100 m in many places. The canyon is believed to have been formed by tremendous flooding in the glacial river Jökulsá, which originated on the northern side of Vatnajökull glacier after the last glacial period.
Waterfalls are distinctive features of young landscape where water has not yet leveled the course of the river. There are several waterfalls in Jökulsárglijúfur. The southernmost of them is Selfoss, about 1 km south of the great Dettifoss. It is about 10 m high and very broad. Dettifoss is the largest, 45 m high and 100 m across. Hafragilsfoss, just over 2 km below Dettifoss is 27 M hight and named after the Hafragil ravine, which was also formed by Jökulsá. The northern most waterfall is Réttarfoss, about 7 M high.
The western side of Jökulsárglijúfur is a National Park founded in 1973. The waterfalls Dettifoss, Selfoss, and Hafragilsfoss and their immediate surroundings east of Jökulsá á Fjöllum, were declared protected areas in 1996. The goal of the National Park is to protect the canyon formed by the immense Jökulsá á Fjöllum glacial river and to help safeguard the surrounding area, its wildlife and history.

The river, Jokulsá á Fjöllum, drains the Vatnajökull glacier to the south. The river is full of glacial grit and flour giving it a grey color. The volume of flow is also quite impressive. We stopped besides the falls to observe for several minutes before continuing upstream to the Selfoss cataract. We then retraced our steps along the river over rocks and occasional open areas of dirt back to the steps up to the parking lot.

Local signage:
Welcome to Dettifoss. Dettifoss is a waterfall in the river Jökulsá á Fjöllum. It is 45 m high, 100 m across, has a large volume of water and is considered the most powerful waterfall in Europe. The average waterflow of Jökulsá á Fjöllum at the waterfall is 193 cu. m/sec, and multiplies during floods.
Jökulsá á Fjöllum originates under the Dyngjujökull glacier on the northern edge of the great Vatnajökull glacier. Jökulsá is Iceland’s second-longest river, 206 km, and his the largest catchment area, 7750 sq km. This is however Iceland’s driest region so the river only carries the third-largest volume of water. Spring water flows into the river at Herðubreiðarlindir, Hafragil and Hólmatungur; the water of these springs was once rainwater that has filtered into the porous earth, and flowed long distances underground to surface again as pure spring water in clefts and gullies. The largest tributary of Jökulsá is the glacial river Kreppa.
The lowland in Öxarfjörður bay were formed by sediment from Jökulsá á Fjöllum. During the summer, the Jökulsá gushes down its course, tinted by the glacial debris it carries – up to 23,000 tons per day.

Returning to the road, we continued northward another mile or two to another turn-off with a parking lot and another impressive waterfall Hafragilsfoss. We had lunch here beside the parking area with the falls visible below. These falls looked like it had a row of geysers at the bottom of the falls the water was rebounding upward with such great force creating a huge plume of mist. We finished lunch with a dessert that combined what looked like strawberry preserves and extremely heavy cream.

Selfoss

Dettifoss - in this video of Margie taking in the mists, the fuzzy shapes that show up in the foreground are the midges.

Hafragilsfoss - I liked this one as the water rebounding at the base of the falls resembles geysers.

Continuing our northward trek on the gravel road after lunch, we eventually achieved pavement as the road ended at an intersection near our next destination of Ásbyrgi. Here we visited a local museum (nicely done) on the local geography and wildlife. The main attraction here was the formation described as the hoofprint of Odin’s eight-legged horse, Sleipnir. It’s a horseshoe shaped valley with vertical walls and a “center island”. According to Erling, the 100 meter tall walls were created by a catastrophic glacial flood resulting from volcanic eruptions.

Local signage:
Geology. Öxarfjörður lies within the active volcanic zone that crosses Iceland from SW to NE. The geology of the aria is characterized by this position. The volcanic zone marks the boundary between two major crustal plates, the Eurasi and North America Plates. The movement of these plates generates earthquakes and volcanic activity, the results of which can be observed in numerous places in Öxarfjörður.
Three swarms of faults and fissures are found in the active zone in Öxarfjörður, the &Thorn;eistareykir, Krafla, and Fremrináma fissure swarms. They control the occurrence of geothermal and cold springs in the area. Open fissures and fault scarps belonging to these fissure swarms can be observed in many places along the road.
Earthquakes are frequently felt in Öxarfjörður and the area is one of the most active earthquake zones in Inceland. Part of the earthquakes in the area in December 1975 – February 1976 was related to activity of the Krafla volcano and its fissure swarm. The ground was fractured in numerous places in Öxarfjörður, roads were damaged and the central part of the fissure swarm sank by a couple of meters. A new lake accumulated in the subsided area, now called Skjálftvatn (Earthquake Lake).

By this time we were above the 66°N parallel (latitude), although we wouldn’t get to the Arctic Circle at 66°33’. Our route now headed west and north to follow the coastline, circling southward into a broad bay where Húsavik lay on its eastern shore.

We stopped for a brief rest in Húsavik, with most of us stopping into a restaurant on the waterfront for coffee and dessert. Jonathan and I shared the “skyramisu” which presumably replaced the mascarpone with skyr. It was delightfully light and I could have eaten more. We also stopped next door called 66°N where we picked up some unique hair ties for the girls in Greene. The bus continued south from Húsavik back to our hotel at Lake Mývatn.

Click on the images for a larger view

Heading down the rocky trail - the mists announce the location of Dettifoss.

Looking downstream.

The falls and the huge plume of mist.

Jonathan checking his shot.

Another shot of the mist and other ancillary water falls.

The walkers evenly spaced out.

Paul, Shirley, Erling.

Margie and the mist (and the midges!) The fuzzy spot in almost the center of the image is a midge.

Across the river, the layers of lava exposed by the river's erosion.

Selfoss, about a mile upstream from Dettifoss.

The promontory to the left (with the tiny figures) was our destination.

Heading out along the cliff's edge.

Shirley on the black sand by the river.

Selfoss from the other end.

Ronnie and Jerye.

Downstream from Hafragilsfoss, another stream or spring (blue/green color) enters the river.

A still shot of Hafragilsfoss.

The faultline of the mid-Atlantic ridge bisecting the country is cut into a stone outline of Iceland.

A pond in the lake in the horseshaped canyon.

The pond, green with algae, was a refuge for waterfowl.

Ducklings.

Momma duck and duckling.

At the canyon wall.

Looking out - the cliffs on the left are the center of the horseshoe shape.

Heading out of the canyon.

Looking north at Öxarfjörður, the bay north of Ásbyrgí; 66° lattitude here, just 33' from the Arctic Circle.

Húsavík harbor.

Smoked lamb appetizer.

Salt cod with olives.

Roast lamb.

Writing 2010.06.23.1600 Keflavik Airport, Keflavik Iceland

The dinner that evening was the farewell dinner for the tour. The main courses were served family style and consisted of lamb or salt cod. I had the salt cod, which was a bit salty but not over powering. Dessert was another form of Icelandic pancake – this variety looking like a crepe – stuffed with cream and berries. Afterwards, Kristín and Erling distributed farewell gifts. I got a leather bookmark imprinted with a flower motif in honor of my multitudinous snaps of the wildflowers. Jonathan got a deck of cards with the Yule Lads (and their tongue-twisting names) in honor of his ability to pronounce their names (and many other Icelandic words!) correctly. Afterwards, a folk singer performed in English as well as Icelandic for the entire restaurant.

Today's destinations: Dettifoss, Selfoss, Hafragilsfoss, Ásbyrgí, and Húsavík.